Industrial fuel oil serves a vital function in many sectors of our economy. This refined petroleum product is commonly used to create power for industrial operations, spanning from manufacturing and construction to agriculture and energy production. The characteristics of industrial fuel oil enable it a efficient choice for these demanding applica

Sputtering is a vital technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, in particular, has emerged as a leading method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, dislodging atoms that then d